| 1. Identity statement | |
| Reference Type | Conference Paper (Conference Proceedings) |
| Site | plutao.sid.inpe.br |
| Holder Code | isadg {BR SPINPE} ibi 8JMKD3MGPCW/3DT298S |
| Identifier | J8LNKAN8RW/3C63NUQ |
| Repository | dpi.inpe.br/plutao/2012/06.21.19.05.10 |
| Last Update | 2012:08.31.12.40.10 (UTC) administrator |
| Metadata Repository | dpi.inpe.br/plutao/2012/06.21.19.05.11 |
| Metadata Last Update | 2022:03.18.22.15.26 (UTC) administrator |
| Label | lattes: 4161737266837399 1 CamposSabaKrid:2012:MaReLe |
| Citation Key | CamposSabaKrid:2012:MaReLe |
| Title | High-Speed Video and Electric Field Observations of Type Beta-2 Leaders in Negative Lightning: A Manifestation of Recoil Leaders Initiated Inside the Cloud?  |
| Format | DVD |
| Year | 2012 |
| Access Date | 2024, May 19 |
| Secondary Type | PRE CI |
| Number of Files | 1 |
| Size | 864 KiB |
| 2. Context | |
| Author | 1 Campos, Leandro Zanella de Souza 2 Saba, Marcelo Magalhães Fares 3 Krider, E. Philip |
| Resume Identifier | 1 2 8JMKD3MGP5W/3C9JHP6 |
| Group | 1 GESATM-CEA-SPG-INPE-MCTI-GOV-BR 2 DGE-CEA-INPE-MCTI-GOV-BR |
| Affiliation | 1 Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE) 2 Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE) 3 ATMO/ECE 489/589 at The University of Arizona. |
| Author e-Mail Address | 1 leandro.zanella@gmail.com 2 marcelo.saba@inpe.br |
| e-Mail Address | leandro.zanella@gmail.com |
| Conference Name | International Lightning Detection Conference, 22. |
| Conference Location | Broomfield Tucson |
| Date | 2-3 Apr. 2012 |
| Publisher | Vaisala |
| Volume | 1 |
| Book Title | Proceedings |
| Tertiary Type | Paper |
| History (UTC) | 2012-06-22 00:11:00 :: lattes -> secretaria.cpa@dir.inpe.br :: 2012 2012-08-31 12:40:10 :: secretaria.cpa@dir.inpe.br -> administrator :: 2012 2022-03-18 22:15:26 :: administrator -> marciana :: 2012 |
| 3. Content and structure | |
| Is the master or a copy? | is the master |
| Content Stage | completed |
| Transferable | 1 |
| Content Type | External Contribution |
| Keywords | Lightning Physics Atmospheric Electricity High-speed video observations Recoil leaders Lightning Leaders |
| Abstract | Schonland et al. (Progressive lightning, 6, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), A168, 455-469, 1938), in their seminal streak camera studies of lightning, have identified four events of a peculiar type of negative stepped leader that they termed β2, a rather rare variant of the type β leader and in it the second and slower stage of the leader is associated with the appearance of one or more fast dart streamers, which travel rapidly down from the cloud along the previously formed track and cease when they have caught up with the slower leader-tip. During two different campaigns between 2007 and 2011 in Tucson, Arizona, USA, and in São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil, we recorded seven downward leaders that fit in the type β2 description given by Schonland et al. (1938). All cases occurred between about 5 and 32 km from a high-speed camera that was operating at 4000 frames per second and three of them could also have their electric field changes measured. All the dart streamers that we observed had speeds between 106 and 107 m s-1, in agreement with previous observations of recoil leaders (RLs). Also, during the development of the three cases whose electric field change data was available it was possible to identify a sequence of microsecond-scale pulses preceding the development of the Considering the similarities in the optical and electric field signatures of both phenomena, we propose that the type β2 negative leaders are the visible manifestation of the development of RLs that were initiated inside the cloud and propagate below the cloud-base during the development of a bipolar, bidirectional leader that precedes a lightning flash to ground. The RLs are initiated in and propagate through channels that were previously ionized by the in-cloud positive portion of a bidirectional leader, eventually connecting to one of its active branches. When they do an intense return pulse of luminosity that optically appears as the dart streamer reported by Schonland et al. (1938) is produced and propagates until it reaches the lower tip of the negative downward portion. After the RL process is completed the downward negative stepped leader portion of the bidirectional leader continues its development normally, with the possibility of occurrence of other RLs, until it reaches the ground and produces a return stroke. |
| Area | CEA |
| Arrangement 1 | urlib.net > BDMCI > Fonds > Produção anterior à 2021 > DIDGE > High-Speed Video and... |
| Arrangement 2 | urlib.net > BDMCI > Fonds > Produção pgr ATUAIS > GES > High-Speed Video and... |
| doc Directory Content | access |
| source Directory Content | there are no files |
| agreement Directory Content | there are no files |
| 4. Conditions of access and use | |
| data URL | http://urlib.net/ibi/J8LNKAN8RW/3C63NUQ |
| zipped data URL | http://urlib.net/zip/J8LNKAN8RW/3C63NUQ |
| Language | en |
| Target File | High-Speed Video and Electric Field Observations of Type Beta-2 Leaders in.pdf |
| User Group | lattes marciana secretaria.cpa@dir.inpe.br |
| Reader Group | administrator marciana |
| Visibility | shown |
| Read Permission | allow from all |
| Update Permission | not transferred |
| 5. Allied materials | |
| Next Higher Units | 8JMKD3MGPCW/3EU29DP 8JMKD3MGPCW/3F2PBEE |
| Citing Item List | sid.inpe.br/mtc-m21/2012/07.13.14.54.40 1 sid.inpe.br/bibdigital/2013/10.12.21.02 1 |
| Host Collection | dpi.inpe.br/plutao@80/2008/08.19.15.01 |
| 6. Notes | |
| Notes | Informações Adicionais: Schonland et al. (Progressive lightning, 6, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), A168, 455-469, 1938), in their seminal streak camera studies of lightning, have identified four events of a peculiar type of negative stepped leader that they termed β 2 , a rather rare variant of the type β leader and in it the second and slower stage of the leader is associated with the appearance of one or more fast dart streamers, which travel rapidly down from the cloud along the previously formed track and cease when they have caught up with the slower leader-tip . During two different campaigns between 2007 and 2011 in Tucson, Arizona, USA, and in São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil, we recorded seven downward leaders that fit in the type β 2 description given by Schonland et al. (1938). All cases occurred between about 5 and 32 km from a high-speed camera that was operating at 4000 frames per second and three of them could also have their electric field changes measured. All the dart streamers that we observed had speeds between 106 and 107 m s-1, in agreement with previous observations of recoil leaders (RLs). Also, during the development of the three cases whose electric field change data was available it was possible to identify a sequence of microsecond-scale pulses preceding the development of the Considering the similarities in the optical and electric field signatures of both phenomena, we propose that the type β 2 negative leaders are the visible manifestation of the development of RLs that were initiated inside the cloud and propagate below the cloud-base during the development of a bipolar, bidirectional leader that precedes a lightning flash to ground. The RLs are initiated in and propagate through channels that were previously ionized by the in-cloud positive portion of a bidirectional leader, eventually connecting to one of its active branches. When they do an intense return pulse of luminosity that optically appears as the dart streamer reported by. |
| Empty Fields | archivingpolicy archivist callnumber copyholder copyright creatorhistory descriptionlevel dissemination doi edition editor isbn issn lineage mark mirrorrepository nextedition numberofvolumes orcid organization pages parameterlist parentrepositories previousedition previouslowerunit progress project publisheraddress rightsholder schedulinginformation secondarydate secondarykey secondarymark serieseditor session shorttitle sponsor subject tertiarymark type url versiontype |
| 7. Description control | |
| e-Mail (login) | marciana |
| update | |